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Policy Report

Resilience and Environmental Sustainability of Resettled Enclaves (R.E.S.T.O.R.E) in the Lake Chad Region: Borno State

The Lake Chad region stands at a critical historical juncture. For over a decade and a half, the people of Borno State have endured the dual burdens of a brutal insurgency and severe environmental volatility. What began as a security crisis has evolved into a complex multidimensional emergency, reshaping the physical and social landscape of the region. Yet, amidst these trials, we witness the profound resilience of a population determined to reclaim their lives, their lands, and their dignity. 

This report, Resilience and Environmental Sustainability of Resettled Enclaves (R.E.S.T.O.R.E) in the Lake Chad Region: Borno State, arrives at a pivotal moment. The significant gains made by our armed forces, the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF), and the Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) have led to the recovery of territories and enabled the State Government to embark on an ambitious Reconstruction, Rehabilitation and Resettlement (RRR) agenda. The unprecedented surrender of thousands of combatants and their families has necessitated the innovative, non-kinetic approach known as the ‘Borno Model’, a strategy that seeks to balance justice with reconciliation.

Product details
Date of Publication
December 2025
Publisher
Office for Strategic Preparedness and Resilience (OSPRE)/ National Centre for the Coordination of Early Warning and Response Mechanisms (NCCRM)
Number of Pages
47
Licence
Language of publication
English
Table of contents
  • Foreword
  • Executive Summary
    - Recommendations
    - Resettlement Approach
    - Counterinsurgency
    - Law Enforcement
    - Civil Society
    - Governance, Natural Resources, and Resilience
    - Non-Governmental Actors
    - International Actors
  • Methodology
  • Background
    - Environment, Climate and Vulnerability Context
  • The Protracted Insurgency
    - The Exploitation of Natural Resources
    - The Counter-Insurgency and Government Response
  • Destruction, Displacement and Humanitarian Crisis
    - National and International Response
    - Security and Stabilisation Push
  • Boko Haram Reintegration Dilemma
  • Resettlement Policy
    - Camp Closure and Resettlement Process (2021‑2025)
    - Humanitarian Concerns over Resettlement and Return
    - Resettlement, Livelihoods and Environment
    - Threats to Sustainable Resettlement
    - Resurgence and Resettlement Fragility
  • Recommendations
    - Resettlement
    - Governance, Natural Resources and Resilience
     

 

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