Changing the surface albedo is a proposed solar geoengineering method that aims to reflect more sunlight back into space by increasing the Earth’s albedo—the reflectivity of the Earth’s surface.

Stratospheric aerosol injection is a proposed solar geoengineering method in which large quantities of tiny reflective particles are released into the stratosphere to cool the Earth by reflecting sunlight back into space.

Ocean fertilization is a proposed method for CO2 removal in which large quantities of micro- or macronutrients are introduced into marine areas with low biological productivity to stimulate the growth of phytoplankton.

Artificial upwelling aims to artificially pump cooler, nutrient-rich water from the depths of the oceans to the surface in order to stimulate phytoplankton activity and reduce CO2.

Direct Air Capture (DAC) schemes aim to extract carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from the atmosphere by chemical and mechanical means, generally using a chemical sorbent and large fans to move air through a filter.

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a technology proposed for the removal of carbon dioxide, which aims to capture CO2 emitted from processes such as the combustion of fossil fuels and store it underground.

By 2025, more than 12 billion tonnes of plastic had been produced globally – and plastic pollution is not gender neutral. Our publication Combatting Global Plastic Pollution presents feminist perspectives for a gender-just approach to the plastic crisis.
 

The 2025 Gen Z protests in Madagascar were catalysed by several key political events. Madagascar’s position as a Small Island Developing State, uniquely vulnerable to climate change and economic precarity, poses specific challenges, and the country’s government has failed to address these in a manner that protects the futures of its young people. The 2025 protests rallied against political corruption and government inadequacy, demanding a stronger and more just political system as well as greater accountability for systemic shortcomings. While President Rajoelina was ousted, more work is needed to ensure stronger foundations for the nation’s development and future.

The 2024 July Uprising in Bangladesh integrated the characteristics of Gen Z revolutions around the world while also building upon the nation’s unique history of protests and resistance. Over the course of several weeks in the summer of 2024, the July Uprising operationalised tools such as street art, music, and memes and combined digital networks with in-person protests. By early August, the movement ousted Sheikh Hasina’s authoritarian regime, but whether the vision of the protesters can be sustained remains to be seen.

The death of 13-year-old Ochanya Ogbanje in 2018 sparked Nigeria’s #JusticeForOchanya movement seeking greater protections for women and girls against sexual and gender-based violence and greater accountability for perpetrators. The movement resurfaced in 2025 following concerted efforts at mobilisation, with renewed demands for justice and concrete procedural improvements. Interviews with movement organisers from different generations draw lessons on how such movements can be managed to ensure the attention and support needed to lead to long-term, structural change.

This publication tackles one of the most weaponized anti-gender narratives – transgender people in sports. It provides a framework that connects transgender participation to wider struggles for gender equality and human rights.

It is near consensual among Europeans that they need to strengthen the ‘European pillar in NATO’. This study traces the evolution of the concept of the European pillar, delineates potential meaning, and spells out what it would take to operationalize it.

The Brazilian Amazon Atlas offers a new perspective on one of the most important regions on Earth. Instead of reproducing long-standing myths and colonial narratives, this publication centers the voices of the people who have lived in and protected the Amazon for generations.

Private tech money is rapidly accelerating solar geoengineering research. Funding has increased more than tenfold since 2020, largely from the US and UK. Who shapes decisions on these high-risk technologies – investors or democratic debate?

The Feminist Resilience Toolkit brings together strategies from feminist activists across five continents. It shares practical exercises on well-being, digital security, leadership, and funding. Case studies show how movements resist repression and build collective strength.

This publication examines the functioning of informal waste systems in cities, focusing on their effectiveness, inclusivity, and sustainability. It analysed Nigeria's waste economy, the contributions of informal waste workers, and provided recommendations.

After years of conflict and displacement, returnees in Borno State (Nigeria) strive to rebuild amid insecurity and environmental challenges. This report analyses existing risks and offers proposals for safe resettlement, climate resilience and sustainable recovery.