Bruno Vasconcelos Cardoso has a PhD in Humanities (Cultural Anthropology) from Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro –). He is Professor at the department for Sociology and in the Post-Graduation Program in Sociology and Anthropology at the same university (IFCS / UFRJ). There he also coordinates the research group of Citizenship, Conflict and Urban Violence Studies Group (NECVU).